tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82643500160934738812023-11-17T00:18:34.129+06:00Science Freethinking Atheism HumanismThis is a blog for the freethinkers, for the atheists, for the humanists, for the people who want to know about the world, about the people of the world.
There are many free e books here for free download. So come. Join with us. Think different. Make yourself different.Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.comBlogger124125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-87893151148336748842011-05-22T05:11:00.000+06:002011-05-22T05:11:28.080+06:00আমার অবিশ্বাস- হুমায়ুন আজাদ<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ze8VpeJjXH2OZIXb7tERHhvw6QdVHXeeDZFqBbEqFHevC3yNe4WM7jEWueK-GVL-Sc7tGetyIIZ7Bpn_3MOSrznm18sW392aRFdttJ7CwBohOjxEWNcVJWiNR6h2RPhV1W-r-79FOIE_/s1600/amar+obisshash.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ze8VpeJjXH2OZIXb7tERHhvw6QdVHXeeDZFqBbEqFHevC3yNe4WM7jEWueK-GVL-Sc7tGetyIIZ7Bpn_3MOSrznm18sW392aRFdttJ7CwBohOjxEWNcVJWiNR6h2RPhV1W-r-79FOIE_/s320/amar+obisshash.gif" width="220" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ze8VpeJjXH2OZIXb7tERHhvw6QdVHXeeDZFqBbEqFHevC3yNe4WM7jEWueK-GVL-Sc7tGetyIIZ7Bpn_3MOSrznm18sW392aRFdttJ7CwBohOjxEWNcVJWiNR6h2RPhV1W-r-79FOIE_/s1600/amar+obisshash.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>আমার অবিশ্বাস সম্পর্কে নতুন করে কিছু বলার আছে বলে মনে হয় না। <a href="http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6">হুমায়ুন আজাদ</a>কে যে চেনে সে 'আমার অবিশ্বাস' জানে। আমার অবিশ্বাস, বিশ্বাসের আধাঁর থেকে বেড়িয়ে আলোতে আসার সিঁড়ি। আমার অবিশ্বাস, অজ্ঞতাকে পেছনে ফেলে সামনে এগিয়ে যাবার সাহস। আমার অবিশ্বাস, সত্যের আঘাতে মিথ্যেকে চূর্ণ করার প্রত্যয়।</div><a name='more'></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">আমার অবিশ্বাস শুধু হুমায়ুন আজাদের অবিশ্বাস নয়, আমার অবিশ্বাস, অগনিত অবিশ্বাসীর অবিশ্বাস।।</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">বইটি ডাউনলোড করতে ক্লিক করুন <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?jqhtc6k1j11wzeq">এখানে</a></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-45537863455904075452011-03-06T10:45:00.000+06:002011-03-06T10:45:50.968+06:00Living Without God:New Directions for Atheis Agnostics, Secularists, and Undecided - BY Ronald Aronson<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTIi3Rfi7J3daYrUkNrxXLu13X7RFiqF4N-tb0lf7VCprF8II1rm0nY_JRrnhQQJugwYRXdIo8SkH8z0MxJz5Cm5dOfHZhNWO97zg7RG6X-XU7gXmtyf399mF1k0ioCE5a0xzqALBril0B/s1600/living-without-god_web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTIi3Rfi7J3daYrUkNrxXLu13X7RFiqF4N-tb0lf7VCprF8II1rm0nY_JRrnhQQJugwYRXdIo8SkH8z0MxJz5Cm5dOfHZhNWO97zg7RG6X-XU7gXmtyf399mF1k0ioCE5a0xzqALBril0B/s200/living-without-god_web.jpg" width="138" /></a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">Books which explicitly and directly critique religion from a secular atheist perspective have been incredibly popular in recent years, but while critique of religion may be a necessary starting point it isn't the ending point — or even very much of the journey. Critique of religion tells us about what isn't reasonable to believe or do, but more is needed to understand what is reasonable to believe or do.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">Thus the books critiquing religion have created space that needs to be filled by different sorts books and Ronald Aronson make his contribution with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Living Without God: New Directions for Atheists, Agnostics, Secularists, and the Undecided</i>. There is hardly anything here that would qualify as a criticism of religion; instead of describing where religions get things wrong Aronson offers ideas about where secular atheists should go instead to get things right.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">There are a lot of positives and negatives in Aronson's effort, depending on how you look at it. Basically, the details are all generally good but they are framed and presented in a way that isn't so good and which takes away from the overall effort. The central problem as I see it is that Aronson seems to want to offer an overall philosophy or set of principles for nonbelievers. His motive is good and he's justifiably concerned with the lack of confidence nonbelievers have, at least relative to believers.</span></div><a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">I, however, would deny that any single set of principles or philosophy can or should be adopted by atheists. First, we need to remember that atheism is properly compared to theism, not to a religion like Christianity, which means that this effort is analogous to offering a single set of principles or a single philosophy for all theists and believers. Would that make a lot of sense? Does that sound like it would stand any chance of working? Of course not, so why try with all atheists?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">Aronson complains about a "thinness" of modern atheism, by which he means that there isn't much to contemporary atheism beyond a rejection of gods and critiques of religion. But why should we try to invest more than that — or even that much — in atheism alone? Not much is invested in mere theism; for more, we have to look to theistic religions. There are plenty of atheistic philosophies and religions which offer the "more" Aronson seeks, so why not look there instead of complaining that mere atheism isn't a one-stop-shopping point for philosophy or politics?<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">I'm also concerned with Aronson's apparent nostalgia for atheism in the 19th century. He seems to look back on <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s early Freethought movement as an example of when atheists could rally around common principles and ideas, moving with more confidence in the public realm. Confidence is good, of course, but not at the expense of diversity and humility. Today's community of skeptics, freethinkers, humanists, and other nonbelievers is surely more diverse and better off because of it. More unity is good for achieving political goals, but too much unity can suppress dissent and debate necessary for long-term improvement.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><br />
</div><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Positives<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">If you set this overall framing of the book's ideas aside, however, and focus instead on Aronson's specific proposals for principles which nonbelievers should adopt, then there is a lot of good to be found in his book. If you read the book as "food for thought" and ideas to seriously consider, then you'll find a lot worth thinking about and probably a few things that you will want to adopt into your own understanding of your place in the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">What's significant about so many of the good ideas is that they themselves are framed more as questions than has positive declarations. He even introduces them through three fundamental questions posed by Immanuel Kant: What can I know? What should I do? What may I hope? These are good questions that everyone should ponder, but they also aren't the sort of questions that you want a political or social movement to offer final, definitive answers on — that would make it little more than another religion.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">Fortunately, that isn't what Aronson is trying to do. He isn't trying to replace the dogmas of traditional religions with new, secular dogmas for atheists. The problems noted above are centered around the early impression that this is where he is going, but the positives are centered around the fact that he never actually ends up there. Instead of secular dogmas, he offers interesting philosophical ideas and questions. They are places where you can start your own thinking so you can create your own way of looking at the world.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.25in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0.25in; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: inherit;">Ronald Aronson is a widely respected philosopher and an internationally recognized expert on Sartre, so you can expect the ideas and questions here to be well thought out. Perhaps more important, though, is that Aronson is also an experienced and respected political activist, so his book wasn't written in an ivory tower, separated from the everyday concerns of the average person. Instead, it's as practical and pragmatic as it is philosophical; it binds together the life of the mind with the life we must live in a way that is illuminating as well as inspiring.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p>The review has taken from <a href="http://atheism.about.com/od/bookreviews/fr/LivingWithoutGod.htm">here</a></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal">To download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/PTC9FJ0WR0">here</a></div><div class="MsoNormal">Mediafire download link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?n69krn4v26ngy2g">here</a></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-88283234494187202322011-03-06T09:57:00.000+06:002011-03-06T09:57:40.284+06:00The Elegant Universe - Brian Greene<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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<dl><dd><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwuZS6K-ADEPTtyiic-6Tf4aE1QAufpnGDMUlO-asdVzFSeZvGtYzhTVFiWG9huuxAhWRnm9DN2n7nXHdNW8LbWRY3Yx8wcFcGylHrzTdhJcp0VWOHD2U6onPgq3YIbc9KEkoranegpeRA/s1600/the+elegent+universe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwuZS6K-ADEPTtyiic-6Tf4aE1QAufpnGDMUlO-asdVzFSeZvGtYzhTVFiWG9huuxAhWRnm9DN2n7nXHdNW8LbWRY3Yx8wcFcGylHrzTdhJcp0VWOHD2U6onPgq3YIbc9KEkoranegpeRA/s200/the+elegent+universe.jpg" width="130" /></a>"The basic oneness of the universe is not only the central characteristic of the mystical experience, but is also one of the most important revelations of modern physics. .... As we study the various models of subatomic physics we shall see that they express again and again, in different ways, the same insight--that the constituents of matter and the basic phenomena involving them are all interconnected, interrelated and interdependent; that they cannot be understood as isolated entities, but only as integrated parts of the whole."</dd></dl>In his 1967 book "The Three Pillars of Zen," Philip Kapleau Roshi wrote these words before presenting a short section from Zen Master Dogen’s Shobogenzo on “Being-Time”:<br />
<dl><dd>"Dogen’s Insights as to time and being, realized by him introspectively in the 13th century through zazen, and the views of certain contemporary micro- and macro-physicists on time and space, arrived at by them through the principles and methods of science, parallel each other to a remarkable degree. The difference, however, and a deeply significant one, is in the effect these insights had upon these men. Dogen’s realization, being a Self-discovery, liberated him from the basic anxieties of human existence, bringing him inner freedom and peace and deep moral certainty. But, as far as can be seen at this time, no such inner evolution has followed in the wake of these scientific discoveries."<a name='more'></a></dd></dl>In the quarter century since the two quotes above were written, the foundations of physics have been rocked by a chain of storms, giving us insights into the blueprint of the universe that prove it to be supremely marvelous and beautiful. What we know now is far, far beyond what anyone could ever have conceived as possible to know.<br />
Brian Greene’s new book, "The Elegant Universe," takes us on a journey from the startling insights of Einstein [in 1905 and 1915] to events that have cracked the cosmic egg, allowing us to hear a symphony in strings.<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>UNTIL THE MID-1980s, </b></span>physics was plagued by “the central conflict” between Einstein’s general relativity and the world of the microscopic, quantum mechanics. Indeed, Einstein spent the last 30 years of his life trying to find the key to explain in one single theory the behavior of the very large and the very small -- a so-called Grand Unification Theory. Einstein never found his key, but the most brilliant physicists of the current day believe that the framework of a Theory of Everything has now been found, using cutting-edge mathematics and the capacity of the world’s best supercomputers.<br />
String Theory entered the scene in 1968 when several physicists noticed that if the smallest units of matter were thought of as vibrating one-dimensional strings rather than as minute pointlike particles, it might better explain their interactions. For a while in the early '70s, this theory seemed to be disproved, but as one researcher stated at the time “the mathematical structure of string theory was so beautiful and had so many miraculous properties that it had to be pointing toward something deep.”<br />
In 1974, this researcher co-wrote a paper showing that string theory seemed to have failed only because it hadn’t been realized that the theory encompassed gravity in addition to standard quantum mechanics, which itself combined electromagnetism and the so-called strong and weak forces. The paper was for years ignored, its implications being so startling. But slowly the physics community began to study and embrace the new ideas.<br />
Writes Brian Greene: “The period from 1984 to 1986 has come to be known as the ‘first superstring revolution.’ During those three years more than a thousand research papers on string theory were written by physicists from around the world."<br />
Science writer Keay Davidson notes: “When a revolution sweeps the house of science, scientists don’t just rebuild the roof and attic; they also figuratively rip out the floorboards by reinterpreting old ‘facts’ in radically new ways.”<br />
Greene’s book is wonderful in taking us into the heart of this revolution, uncovering for us the structure of the universe and giving us a sense of the drama as revelations are brought to the fore. A Cornell researcher himself, Greene made an important contribution, and in a thrilling stream of scenes we readers tag along in 1992 when he and colleagues Plesser and Aspinwall engage in some geeky daring-do as they prove a critical feature of a Calabi-Yau space.<br />
And what might that be?<br />
A Calabi-Yau space is an important part of the story -- defined as a structure/thing that exists in dimensions that exceed the four we are commonly familiar with. Indeed, string theory predicted a total of nine dimensions with those exceeding the four of space and time existing as “curled up.”<br />
But that was before (as Greene writes) “a breathtaking lecture at the Strings 1995 conference held at the University of Southern California--a lecture that stunned a packed audience of the world’s top physicists--[where] Edward Witten announced a plan for taking the next step, thereby igniting the ‘second superstring revolution."<br />
This second revolution uncorked M-theory--which has eleven dimensions!--and gives us in sharp relief an outline of the final Theory of Everything. Whew.<br />
Could it be that Ch’an Master Yakusan Igen anticipated it all when he said in the 10th Century:</div><dl><dd>“Being-time stands on the topmost peak and in the utmost depths of the sea, being-time is three heads and eight elbows, being-time is a height of sixteen or eighteen feet, being-time is a monk’s staff, being-time is a baton to brush away mosquitos, being-time is a stone lantern, being-time is Taro, being-time is Jiro, being-time is earth, being-time is sky.”</dd><dd>
</dd><dd>The review has taken from <a href="http://www.hundredmountain.com/Pages/reviews_pages/fall00_reviews/revu_elegantuniverse.html">here</a></dd><dd>To download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/0CBEHWB8RC">here</a></dd><dd>Mediafire download link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?jheh6134ce6w1kw">here</a></dd></dl></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-86659376648033806812011-03-06T09:11:00.000+06:002011-03-06T09:11:27.939+06:00Atheism and Philosophy - Kai Nielsen<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div class="productDescriptionWrapper" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZfpMcqyUZVcG80YTOL3pBYb3V3v9qJ0j87YkG5Qn5x4Fb1ymWcy7e0tiAbaQDIUO_EfL7AMAaS2wdxW9Np_9qPZBJ4WdprzcIMOfvsY0d5K_eflrT1okYPs3lxEEeY0aMoGOekgZHrZ8h/s1600/Atheism%2526Philosophy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZfpMcqyUZVcG80YTOL3pBYb3V3v9qJ0j87YkG5Qn5x4Fb1ymWcy7e0tiAbaQDIUO_EfL7AMAaS2wdxW9Np_9qPZBJ4WdprzcIMOfvsY0d5K_eflrT1okYPs3lxEEeY0aMoGOekgZHrZ8h/s200/Atheism%2526Philosophy.jpg" width="133" /></a>The indeterminacy of the modern concept of God has made the distinction between belief and unbelief increasingly problematic. Both the complexity of the religious response and the variety of skeptical philosophies preclude simplistic definitions of what constitutes belief in God. Making the discussion even more difficult are assertions by fundamentalists who dismiss the philosophical perplexities of religious claims as unreal pseudo-problems. Atheism & Philosophy is a detailed study of these and other issues vital to our understanding of atheism, agnosticism, and religious belief. Philosopher Kai Nielsen develops a coherent and integrated approach to the discussion of what it means to be an atheist. In chapters such as "How is Atheism to be Characterized?", "Does God Exist?: Reflections on Disbelief," "Agnosticism," "Religion and Commitment," and "The Primacy of Philosophical Theology," Nielsen defends atheism in a way that answers to contemporary concerns.<a name='more'></a><div class="emptyClear" style="clear: both; font-size: 0px; height: 0px;"></div></div><h3 class="productDescriptionSource" style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-size: 1.23em; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.375em; margin-left: -15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.75em;"><br />
</h3><div class="productDescriptionWrapper" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Kai Nielsen (Calgary, Alberta, Canada) is professor emeritus in the department of philosophy at the University of Calgary and adjunct professor of philosophy at Concordia University in Montreal. His many books include Globalization and Justice, Naturalism and Religion, Naturalism without Foundations, and Equality and Liberty: A Radical Defense of Egalitarianism.(Amazon)</div><div class="productDescriptionWrapper" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div class="productDescriptionWrapper" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">To download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/9PO6Z8FUVF">here</a></div><div class="productDescriptionWrapper" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Mediafire download link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?d61isb7ajp39bvx">here</a></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-35256723566739148532011-03-06T08:31:00.001+06:002011-03-06T08:32:26.134+06:00Why is sex fun- Jared Diamond<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ9WS2loYdlmb7nyQpz-KlwG0P3R8S_-TzFh2y5WNRzrALnDsKSDNHSfER8xwp8hciwbwVgTv3nZz37uZGB1aDNr0fB7x01orh8EnF47T34ncV4-rvpGT7snmfVq0C-5JuJa-oW8d5ObKs/s1600/why+is+sex+fun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ9WS2loYdlmb7nyQpz-KlwG0P3R8S_-TzFh2y5WNRzrALnDsKSDNHSfER8xwp8hciwbwVgTv3nZz37uZGB1aDNr0fB7x01orh8EnF47T34ncV4-rvpGT7snmfVq0C-5JuJa-oW8d5ObKs/s200/why+is+sex+fun.jpg" width="161" /></a>Why is Sex Fun? reads like a lecture series rather than a book. Apparently intended to provide the reader with an overview of the latest thinking on the evolutionary aspects of the subject, this short work includes sections on different sexual (and mate) selection strategies employed by males and females (presumably based on unequal "investments" in the methods of getting one's genes into the next generation); lactation (why milk is produced by females, but not, as a rule, males); how and why humans, almost uniquely, came to engage in engage in recreational sex; the unequal domestic roles played by males and females, particularly in child rearing; female menopause (which is, again, nearly unique to humans); and sexual signaling (Diamond considers penis length in human males to be a prime example, but not necessarily a signal directed at females).<br />
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As fascinating as these subjects are, there is much more that is left out. Any full discussion of human sexuality, especially with the high-order concept of "fun" in its presumed abstract, needs to deal with that odd species' whole gamut of non-procreational expression: homosexuality, old-age love, and sex-as-power, for non-inclusive example. But Why is Sex Fun? treats the very large subject of recreational sex only from the "selfish gene" point of view. Even then, there is at least one major methodological criticism: Most evolutionary biologists and evolutionary psychologists go to great lengths to bring out the importance of "ancestral environment". That is, gene-based behavioral tendencies have evolved over a great deal of time, so it doesn't do a lot of good to consider them only from the standpoint of a modern participant. This problem crops up in Diamond's discussion of male hunting strategies. In a modern hunter-gatherer society, men typically go for the "big kill" (a large mammal, for instance), while women are more content to gather roots and so on. Diamond makes the point that the male strategy makes no sense nutritionally, so the answer must be found in differential sexual strategies. However, the possibility is not mentioned that hunting patterns may have evolved when big game was, in fact, rather more plentiful than it is today.<br />
All this is a pity, because we know, from the author's other works (especially the wonderfully told Guns, Germs, and Steel), that he is quite capable of a fully formed presentation. Sex deserves it.(Amazon)<br />
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More than two dozen essays comprise this collection. They are topically organised, starting with the biology issues, moving through the logic Dawkins uses to his writing skills. Today, the biology seems straightforward: genes build bodies. Those bodies contain nervous systems and brains - the root of behaviours. At the publication of "The Selfish Gene", it was widely thought that evolution worked at the species' level. Dawkins moved that mechanism much deeper. Its effect is manifested through various ways, with mate choice one of the more significant. Andrew Read explains how evolutionary pressure forces such practices as "lekking" in certain bird species. The mechanism can be readily projected to other creatures, and is manifested in humans, as well.</span><br />
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The "selfish gene" operating in humans has, of course, caused the greatest distress among many readers. An entire section of the book is devoted to that issue. Randolph Nesse discusses how the term "selfish" has been mindlessly condemned by many. Adding to the furor, and fury, was the publication of Edward O. Wilson's "Sociobiology". Although Wilson's book focussed on social species, particularly insects, the implications were clear. If genes build bodies and guide behaviour, how many of our activities are similarly directed? How many of our actions are "genetically determined". Nesse notes that Dawkins had closed his book saying we are the one species capable of overriding our genes' guidance, few either read or failed to comprehend the implications.<br />
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Outside the realm of pure biology, Dawkins has made clear his position on religion and its dogmas. No less a figure than the Bishop of Oxford takes up the challenge. In his essay on Dawkins and humanism, Richard Harries deals with what drives a person to atheism. Noting other powerful scholars have turned away from "faith". He exempts science itself as a cause, instead Harries relies on Alister McGrath's recent book, "Dawkins' God" as a buttress. Harries sympathises with Dawkins sense of awe at the wonders of the universe. Harries, of course, wishes Dawkins' awe could be "grounded in a reality that lies beyond the visible universe".<br />
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The concluding essays focus on Dawkins' writing skills. That talent is universally exclaimed throughout the set, but Matt Ridley and Philip Pullman go beyond merely addressing Dawkins ability to impart science. Pullman, in particular, finds elements of Dawkins' prose that should appeal to all readers, notably "phrase-making" and humour. Making readers smile is a rare trait among science writers, but Dawkins has managed to Pullman's satisfaction and delight. He even compares Dawkins with Dickens, no small compliment. It is a fitting cap to this collection - a tribute well deserved by its subject. Having read "Selfish Gene" some time ago, this collection impels me to take up its insights and delightful reading once more. As these writers stress, Dawkins is a thought-stimulator par excellence. We need more like him. [stephen a. haines - Ottawa, Canada]<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">To download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/MD742F8LDO">here</a></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #363636; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">To download more book by Matt Ridley click</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://carrbak.blogspot.com/search/label/matt%20ridley%20book%20free%20download" style="color: #2a62ab; text-decoration: underline;">here</a></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #363636; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">To download more book by Richard Dawikns click <a href="http://carrbak.blogspot.com/search/label/Richard%20dawkins%20book%20free%20download">here</a></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
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<div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnv3krZT4yJXLiOwHhwlijSq6FKwihwvWxqtTXZXp62cNMzX-A6FP0ZLK4nvJ9FR7Hk6ZvqB_QTJTtnR4sFe4Qr4uDQ1ZPw4A_d-JNJhwlNkvrJYg80_akyTtdO6j8MtxVZwswZxxMrYgd/s1600/nature+vs+nurture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnv3krZT4yJXLiOwHhwlijSq6FKwihwvWxqtTXZXp62cNMzX-A6FP0ZLK4nvJ9FR7Hk6ZvqB_QTJTtnR4sFe4Qr4uDQ1ZPw4A_d-JNJhwlNkvrJYg80_akyTtdO6j8MtxVZwswZxxMrYgd/s200/nature+vs+nurture.jpg" width="134" /></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Following his highly praised and bestselling book Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters, Matt Ridley has written a brilliant and profound book about the roots of human behavior. Nature via Nurture explores the complex and endlessly intriguing question of what makes us who we are.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">In February 2001 it was announced that the human genome contains not 100,000 genes, as originally postulated, but only 30,000. This startling revision led some scientists to conclude that there are simply not enough human genes to account for all the different ways people behave: we must be made by nurture, not nature. Yet again biology was to be stretched on the Procrustean bed of the nature-nurture debate. Matt Ridley argues that the emerging truth is far more interesting than this myth. Nurture depends on genes, too, and genes need nurture. Genes not only predetermine the broad structure of the brain, they also absorb formative experiences, react to social cues, and even run memory. They are consequences as well as causes of the will.</span></span></div><a name='more'></a><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Published fifty years after the discovery of the double helix of DNA, Nature via Nurture chronicles a revolution in our understanding of genes. Ridley recounts the hundred years' war between the partisans of nature and nurture to explain how this paradoxical creature, the human being, can be simultaneously free-willed and motivated by instinct and culture. Nature via Nurture is an enthralling,up-to-the-minute account of how genes build brains to absorb experience.</span><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="apple-style-span"></span>To download this book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/T8TIQ8FUAT">here</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Mediafire download link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?078o210a0bazinn">here</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?078o210a0bazinn"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #363636; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">To download more book by Matt Ridley click</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://carrbak.blogspot.com/search/label/matt%20ridley%20book%20free%20download" style="color: #2a62ab; text-decoration: underline;">here</a></span></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-62805741391692889212011-03-06T07:25:00.002+06:002011-03-06T07:30:01.773+06:00The Rational Optimist- Matt ridley<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijsRt3U524RbtF1nemCiCq3wTWPbGBhi9K2xgZYuxQCSQxLM8AfeJ2hElXfJC0uMaDg8qI-U6Ose56TLxoHoc8AaGaodY32Y7tHkI8269ijQ13_A359soZWILkjWVD_15NTZyYUp69Dzl8/s1600/rational_optimist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijsRt3U524RbtF1nemCiCq3wTWPbGBhi9K2xgZYuxQCSQxLM8AfeJ2hElXfJC0uMaDg8qI-U6Ose56TLxoHoc8AaGaodY32Y7tHkI8269ijQ13_A359soZWILkjWVD_15NTZyYUp69Dzl8/s200/rational_optimist.jpg" width="131" /></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">Life is getting better—and at an accelerating rate. Food <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important;"><span id="IL_AD11" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span></span></span><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">availability</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, income, and life span are up; disease, child mortality, and violence are down — all across the globe. Though the world is far from perfect, necessities and luxuries alike are getting cheaper; population growth is slowing; Africa is following <st1:place w:st="on">Asia</st1:place> out of poverty; the Internet, the<span id="IL_AD4" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span></span><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">mobile phone</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, and container shipping are enriching people’s lives as never before. The pessimists who dominate public discourse insist that we will soon reach a turning point and things will start to get worse. But they have been saying this for two hundred years.</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Yet Matt Ridley does more than describe how things are getting better. He explains why. Prosperity comes from everybody working for everybody else. The habit of exchange and specialization—which started more than 100,000 years ago—has created a collective brain that sets human living standards on a rising trend. The mutual dependence, trust, and sharing that result are causes for hope, not despair.</span></span></span></div><a name='more'></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">This bold <span id="IL_AD5" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span><span class="ilad">book covers</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"> the entire sweep of human history, from the Stone Age to the Internet, from the stagnation of the Ming empire to the invention of the <span id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span><span class="ilad">steam engine</span></span><span class="apple-style-span">, from the population explosion to the likely consequences of climate change. It ends with a confident assertion that thanks to the ceaseless capacity of the human race for innovative change, and despite inevitable disasters along the way, the twenty-first century will see both human prosperity and natural biodiversity enhanced. Acute, refreshing, and revelatory, The Rational Optimist will change your way of thinking about the world for the better.</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">About the Author</span><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Matt Ridley is the author of provocative books on evolution, genetics, and society. His books have sold over 800,000 copies, have been translated into twenty-seven languages, and have won several awards.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #363636; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">To download more book by Matt Ridley click</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://carrbak.blogspot.com/search/label/matt%20ridley%20book%20free%20download">here</a></span></span></span></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-20112641429791215902011-02-19T05:37:00.002+06:002011-02-19T05:40:36.279+06:00ডারউইন দিবস ২০১১- মুক্তমনা আয়োজন<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">মুক্তমনার অন্যান্যবারের ডারউইন দিবস পালনের পেজে যেতে চাইলে ক্লীক করুন </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <a href="http://www.mukto-mona.com/Special_Event_/Darwin_day/index.htm">এখানে</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> এবং</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> <a href="http://www.mukto-mona.com/Special_Event_/Darwin_day/2009/index.htm">এখানে</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">এবছরের পাওয়া সদস্যদের লেখা নিয়ে পিডিএফ এর জন্য ক্লীক করুন <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/PEB47BBM7Z">এখানে</a></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">মিডিয়াফায়ার লিঙ্কের জন্য ক্লীকান <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?3y02c7q44e5n8ge">এখানে</a></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-6881705555499609172011-02-18T22:45:00.003+06:002011-02-18T22:47:04.605+06:00The meme machine<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioT65pT2MyREtebSvb1iSXQWfgjyuXELLu8QJlX7kecQxTqC55_FqDClhUC1hpWfO_V-atslwqYod7Zf5gFbF38iUTNdiKcWinccUtCKQy9Zsg5KMUBYnPBbKjiyveiUl81nq-kKNa7AJC/s1600/meme+machin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioT65pT2MyREtebSvb1iSXQWfgjyuXELLu8QJlX7kecQxTqC55_FqDClhUC1hpWfO_V-atslwqYod7Zf5gFbF38iUTNdiKcWinccUtCKQy9Zsg5KMUBYnPBbKjiyveiUl81nq-kKNa7AJC/s200/meme+machin.jpg" width="131" /></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">What is a meme? First coined by Richard Dawkins in his 1976 study The Selfish Gene, a meme is any idea, behavior, or skill that can be transferred from one person to another by imitation: stories, fashions, <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important;"><span id="IL_AD10" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span></span></span><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black;">inventions</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">, <span id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span></span><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black;">recipes</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">, songs, and ways of<span id="IL_AD4" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span></span><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black;"> plowing</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;"> a field, throwing a <span id="IL_AD8" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span></span><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black;">baseball</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black;">, or making a sculpture. It is also one of the most important--and controversial--concepts to emerge since <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Darwin</st1:place></st1:city>'s Origin of the Species. </span></span><span style="color: black;"><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Here, Blackmore boldly asserts: "Just as the design of our bodies can be understood only in terms of natural selection, so the design of our minds can be understood only in terms of mimetic selection." Indeed, The Meme Machine shows that once our distant ancestors acquired the crucial ability to imitate, a second kind of natural selection began: a survival of the fittest among competing ideas and behaviors. Those that proved most adaptive--making tools, for example, or using language--survived and flourished, replicating themselves in as many minds as possible. These memes then passed themselves on from <span id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;"></span><span class="ilad">generation</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"> to generation by helping to ensure that the genes of those who acquired them also survived and reproduced.</span></span></span></div><a name='more'></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Applying this theory to many aspects of human life, Blackmore brilliantly explains why we live in cities, why we talk so much, why we can't stop thinking, why we behave altruistically, how we choose our mates, and much more. With controversial implications for our religious beliefs, our free will, and our very sense of "self", this provocative book will be must reading any general reader or student interested in psychology, biology, or anthropology.<br />
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</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="apple-style-span">To download this book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/4PLCAQ1A8N">here</a></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;">Mediafire download link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?2clivtafg40haov">here</a></span></span></div></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-65109617347165219502011-02-18T22:23:00.001+06:002011-02-18T22:34:57.860+06:00The Electric Meme: A New Theory of How We Think<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6tBdgMHkOyjaZMTpfbw-Jm1aXnsGVBRCT0CJAGrkO7e8AeXl6MJiy2hbERxO-ecMX4zK1hp3CimuCpuqpshYNGYU7zgJyYFCToUeizxwgaO9lN_5NqbxDCDjORJtYEVSDpnsfTQ61Hqo9/s1600/the-electric-meme-a-new-theory-of-how-we-think-25400288.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6tBdgMHkOyjaZMTpfbw-Jm1aXnsGVBRCT0CJAGrkO7e8AeXl6MJiy2hbERxO-ecMX4zK1hp3CimuCpuqpshYNGYU7zgJyYFCToUeizxwgaO9lN_5NqbxDCDjORJtYEVSDpnsfTQ61Hqo9/s200/the-electric-meme-a-new-theory-of-how-we-think-25400288.jpeg" width="133" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span><br />
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From biology to culture to the new new economy, the buzzword on everyone's lips is "meme." How do animals learn things? How does human culture evolve? How does viral marketing work? The answer to these disparate questions and even to what is the nature of thought itself is, simply, the meme. For decades researchers have been convinced that memes were The Next Big Thing for the understanding of society and ourselves. But no one has so far been able to define what they are. Until now.<br />
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Here, for the first time, Robert Aunger outlines what a meme physically is, how memes originated, how they developed, and how they have made our brains into their survival systems. They are thoughts. They are parasites. They are in control. A meme is a distinct pattern of electrical charges in a node in our brains that reproduces a thousand times faster than a bacterium. Memes have found ways to leap from one brain to another. A number of them are being replicated in your brain as you read this paragraph.<br />
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In 1976 the biologist Richard Dawkins suggested that all animals -- including humans -- are puppets and that genes hold the strings. That is, we are robots serving as life support for the genes that control us. And all they want to do is replicate themselves. But then, we do lots of things that don't seem to help genes replicate. We decide not to have children, we waste our time doing dangerous things like mountain climbing, or boring things like reading, or stupid things like smoking that don't seem to help genes get copied into the next generation. We do all sorts of cultural things for reasons that don't seem to have anything to do with genes. Fashions in sports, books, clothes, ideas, politics, lifestyles come and go and give our lives meaning, so how can we be gene robots?<br />
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To download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/HA6PF6IBOW">here</a><br />
Mediafire downlaoad link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?z3udzuahcbmrv7i">here</a></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-17499690088424106502011-01-19T17:57:00.001+06:002011-01-19T18:03:20.911+06:00Infidel by Ayaan Hirsi Ali<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIalDgP4aduVpFptD3lid-p_uKKsgbG2CNATjyy9bQuvtEyws4Qnpv-pyz0bPdQ7BlQLbhrb7dDnRb53c-5sa_t2zXF1sbL7jfBSy7JItul2j9R_PMnVX31tPnQgvlGERNBAhyphenhyphenTGlm-cxh/s1600/infidel+ayan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIalDgP4aduVpFptD3lid-p_uKKsgbG2CNATjyy9bQuvtEyws4Qnpv-pyz0bPdQ7BlQLbhrb7dDnRb53c-5sa_t2zXF1sbL7jfBSy7JItul2j9R_PMnVX31tPnQgvlGERNBAhyphenhyphenTGlm-cxh/s200/infidel+ayan.jpg" width="178" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span><br />
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Ayaan Hirsi Ali was born in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Somalia</st1:country-region>, raised Muslim and came to the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Netherlands</st1:place></st1:country-region> as a refugee due to an unwanted marriage. After earning her collage degree in political science, she worked for a labour party. Reading The Atheist Manifesto (Atheistisch Manifest) by philosopher Herman Philipse and the Quran pushed her to renounce Islam and become atheist. Now she is a controversial political figure who is against Islamic culture.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">This is her astonishing story.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
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<span class="apple-style-span">Infidel is an overwhelming book to grasp. Why? Well, because so much has happened so far in Ms. Ali's life. In addition, she takes you into mental spaces where you've never been before and this takes more than a little stretching. </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Here's the bottom line: In the </span><span class="ilad"><span id="IL_AD9" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;">course</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"> of her first three and a half decades of life, Ms. Ali moved from being born into a medieval-type lifestyle in Africa and Arabia based on Islam to becoming a prominent social critic of Islam in Europe and the United States who is well listened to wherever she goes. At the same time, she required enormous </span><span class="ilad"><span id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;">personal security</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"> to keep her alive as those she criticized sought to silence her. </span></span></div><a name='more'></a><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Ayaan Hirsi Ali grew up in a traditional high-clan Somali family whose father was a leader in the Somali civil war against the Marxist dictatorship of Siad Barre. While her father was progressive in some ways, her grandmother wanted to follow all traditional practices. Her mother was estranged from her father, and often seemed to be fighting a losing battle for her sanity. As a result, Ms. Ali seemed to get the worst of each person's influence. </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Her grandmother forcibly arranged for her </span><span class="ilad"><span id="IL_AD12" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;">female</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"> circumcision. Her mother used to </span><span class="ilad"><span id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;">alternate</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"> between beating Ms. Ali and forcing her to do all of the household work. Her father was usually absent except when she became an adult and he forced her into an arranged marriage she opposed. A Muslim teacher once almost killed her through a beating. </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Early in her years, Ms. Ali began to value equality for women and decent treatment from the men in the household. Those instincts were viewed as totally anathema to her family and clan members. </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">On her way to join the new husband picked out by her father, Ms. Ali escaped to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Holland</st1:place></st1:city> where she becomes a successful applicant for refugee status. She soon was earning a living as a translator to help pay for her </span><span class="ilad"><span id="IL_AD10" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;">education</span></span><span class="apple-style-span">, and later worked for a political think tank. There, her outspoken views about the dangers of permitting Muslim practices to be freely followed in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place> caused quite a stir. She became a Dutch citizen and was able to switch parties and run for Parliament, earning a seat in her first election. With this prominence, her criticisms had more effect. </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Ms. Ali burst on the international scene in 2004 when she collaborated with Theo van Gogh to create a short documentary, Submission, Part 1, that had rocked the Muslim community with its physical and psychological boldness. A partially undraped woman is portrayed speaking directly to Allah rather than submitting to her faith in totally covering clothes. Two months later, van Gogh was assassinated. In the aftermath, the quest to keep her safe made her life a nightmare. In the aftermath, her</span><span class="ilad"><span id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; cursor: pointer !important; float: none;">citizenship</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"> was challenged and she has since moved to the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region> to continue her role as a social critic of Islam.</span><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="apple-style-span">To Download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/DMW891GUT8">here(6 Different Download sever)</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Mediafire link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?zv21j25p3pzfyue">here</a></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-58091153959983443842011-01-19T16:32:00.000+06:002011-01-19T16:32:39.958+06:00A Natural History of Rape: Biological Bases of Sexual Coercion by Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgohJbVlouxU5DZyCRzSrj-N0KHtDPnellOUIjFzvFBqojLGiP5l97gHXbLsbMVHKJls1z5Ip-tKZDDxB3Y70uz0xsAn7lvhutXEuAIloaXDpXVmVMdbGFEFV6cqrcvRCJPmsoMb0BpZjOl/s1600/A+Natural+History+of+Rape.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgohJbVlouxU5DZyCRzSrj-N0KHtDPnellOUIjFzvFBqojLGiP5l97gHXbLsbMVHKJls1z5Ip-tKZDDxB3Y70uz0xsAn7lvhutXEuAIloaXDpXVmVMdbGFEFV6cqrcvRCJPmsoMb0BpZjOl/s200/A+Natural+History+of+Rape.jpg" width="141" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
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</span></div>Rape is horrific for women. The mere thought of rape arouses anxiety, revulsion, and anger, so it is not surprising that women are very ambivalent about subjecting rape to scientific scrutiny. Research on deadly or grotesquely disfiguring diseases probably arouses less distaste and ambivalence. Ambivalence arises out of the mix of anxiety, revulsion, and a desire to have more information.</span><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br />
</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;">The authors of <i>A Natural History of Rape </i>are familiar with various expressions of such ambivalence, and they understand why women are so anxious. As scientists, they value knowledge and assume that trying to understand everything about why rape occurs is far more beneficial for women in the long term even if the scientific inquiry inspires anxiety and revulsion. The evolution-minded scientific approach that the authors <a name='more'></a>espouse has resulted in many novel and nonintuitive insights about why rape occurs and why women are so devastated by the victimization. Thornhill and Palmer are doubly handicapped by the topic and by their theoretical approach since most people have no relevant background in evolutionary biology. Even evolutionary biologists can be reluctant to think about our own species as if it were just another (very special) species.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;">The evolution-minded approach that Thornhill and Palmer have developed with respect to rape is carefully articulated in this book. The programmatic overview applies to other aspects of human affairs, including psychopathology. Their assumptions, the logic of their inferences, and their standards of evidence are explicitly laid out for the interested reader. They do not engage in subterfuge or bafflegab. Any weaknesses in the data or assumptions or inferences are there to be discerned, and therein lies their intellectual strength. They passionately embrace the scientific </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">method whereby claims about causal inferences are open to public scrutiny, revision, and better understanding. Neither science, nor Darwinism, nor any other -ism has a unitary voice. The authors themselves are not always in agreement, but their alternate hypotheses and inferences can be resolved with further scientific investigation. The authors are strongest when discussing why rape occurs and why it is so harmful to women. The intellectual confrontations with those who do not appreciate the power of scientific methods or their conceptual framework have obviously inspired the authors to listen and think hard about the misunderstandings, but neither author has undertaken a systematic investigation of the history and sociology of interdisciplinary communication and competition. Nevertheless, their insights may serve others well.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;">Thornhill and Palmer are among a growing number of evolutionists whose research and scholarship are producing new knowledge about the causes and consequences of various kinds of interpersonal harms, and what might prove to be effective prevention policies.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;">To Download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/4KM415BVDN">here(6 Different download server)</a></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: small;">Mediafire Download link is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?ey1pr4dm6iq5ea3">here</a></span></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
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<a name='more'></a>Bringing a fresh perspective to age-old questions of right and wrong and good and evil, Harris demonstrates that we already know enough about the human brain and its relationship to events in the world to say that there are right and wrong answers to the most pressing questions of human life. Because such answers exist, moral relativism is simply false—and comes at increasing cost to humanity. And the intrusions of religion into the sphere of human values can be finally repelled: for just as there is no such thing as Christian physics or Muslim algebra, there can be no Christian or Muslim morality.<br />
<br />
Using his expertise in philosophy and neuroscience, along with his experience on the front lines of our "culture wars," Harris delivers a game-changing book about the future of science and about the real basis of human cooperation. <span style="font-style: italic;">Amazon</span><br />
<br />
<b>"Beautifully written as they were (the elegance of his prose is a distilled blend of honesty and clarity) there was little in Sam Harris's previous books that couldn't have been written by any of his fellow 'horsemen' of the 'new atheism'. This book is different, though every bit as readable as the other two. I was one of those who had unthinkingly bought into the hectoring myth that science can say nothing about morals. To my surprise, The Moral Landscape has changed all that for me. It should change it for philosophers too. Philosophers of mind have already discovered that they can't duck the study of neuroscience, and the best of them have raised their game as a result. Sam Harris shows that the same should be true of moral philosophers, and it will turn their world exhilaratingly upside down. As for religion, and the preposterous idea that we need God to be good, nobody wields a sharper bayonet than Sam Harris." -- <span style="font-weight: bold;">Richard Dawkins</span></b> <span style="font-style: italic;"></span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;"><br />
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But Mead never wrote his book on social psychology. The present volume was assembled from the notebooks of students who heard him in the latter part of his career. The editor has, unfortunately, seen fit to give it another title and has taken the liberty to rearrange the material in a fashion that will be deprecated by many who knew Mead and thought they understood him. The task of the editor under such circumstances is one of unusual difficulty; and disappointment over the imperfections of the result yields to the feeling of gratitude to those men who did the best they could, according to their lights, and all who are interested in social psychology should be thankful for even this much.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
The work in sociology at the University of Chicago has been greatly influenced by Mead's conceptions and conclusions, and for many years there has been a relationship of the closest sort. The course in social psychology is considered basic to the work of the Department of Sociology and has been offered for the past sixteen years, having been introduced at the request of Mead himself. It was at first planned as an introduction to Mead and served also to give to him an opportunity to discuss in his own course the growing body of controversial literature. That the course was thus in fact divided will explain the absence in the notes of the latter period of<br />
<hr class="break" /> <div class="noindent">( 810) certain topics to which the editor calls attention, such as the detailed treatment of integration.</div>Mind, self, and society is the reverse order to that which the structure of Mead's thought would seem to make appropriate. Not mind and then society; but society first and then minds arising within that society—such would probably have been the preference of him who spoke these words. For societies exist in which neither minds nor selves are found, and it is only in human societies that a subject is its own object—only in these is there consciousness of self. Man, he held, is not born human; the biological accident becomes a personality through social experience.<br />
The position taken is that man's personality is derived from nature without residue, that is to say, with no forces or influences that do not appear in the emerging development of the form itself, and this view is extensively elaborated. The organism is assumed to be originally acting and for this action no cause need be sought. But the acts are always within a society, and the ongoing social process with its habits, customs, language, and institutions is a pre-existent organization into which every child is born. The immature member of a society acts, but his acts are social acts at first, social because helpless and prolonged infancy limits him to contacts with social beings. The social objects have this essential character that they respond and change, and therefore adjustment must be made to them. Thus gestures arise, for the initial movements are acts that are parts of a whole, acts that mean larger acts; and the meaning of these gestures arises in the experience of response. In redintegration the incomplete picture is filled out in the imagination with material that has once been the complement, and thus meaning is brought into experience. In this way the doctrine is developed that ideas, the meaning aspect of symbols, are derived from the consequences of gestures performed by a participant in a social act. Ideas are not private and mental but social and motor.<br />
Intelligence cannot be denied to the lower animals and the presence of symbols among them seems demonstrable. But <i>significant </i>symbols and reflective intelligence belong only to man, and it is in the effort to account for this crucial difference that Mead has made his most original contribution. That it has not had wider influence in contemporary sociology and psychology is due to the fact that it has not been readily accessible to scholars, a lack which this book ought to do something to supply.<br />
It is in the phenomenon of human speech that Mead finds his most important clue. Speech is sometimes "the expression of thought in words" but this is only a secondary function. Speech is vocal gesture, it is behav-<br />
<hr class="break" /> <div class="noindent">( 811) -ior with meaning, and the meaning is a result of the social effects of the speech. In detail it is shown that the acquisition of language cannot be explained as the result of imitation, but that the elements, all of them, appear in the developing activity of spontaneous vocalization. The importance of the vocal gesture is that the one who stimulates another stimulates himself at the same time, since he hears his own voice. The self-stimulation makes possible self-response and this response is influenced by the response of the other. The result is the ability to take the r�le of the other which becomes sometimes "sympathetic introspection" but, what is even more important, leads the self to take the attitude of the other to himself, thus becoming an object to himself, with all that this implies.</div>Why man alone can achieve significant symbols and why he always does so in communication is assumed to be due to some complication in the central nervous system, the nature of which is as yet unknown, for we know more about our minds than we do about our brains. The neurology of speech is only partly explored and the neurology of attention is still a dark continent. But this phenomenon is observable in all normally developing human beings and cannot be found occurring in any other animal.<br />
Once this standpoint has been taken, there are numerous other problems that arise as corollaries. The self is a r�le but there are too many "others" for us to adopt the thousand r�les that would seem to be necessary. There arises the "generalized other," in which occurs a synthesis of group attitudes which men hold in common. And to the voice of this generalized other we hearken when the failure of habit forces reflection.<br />
Human conduct does not become a matter of adaptation to environment, for the conscious act is not a response to a stimulus. Mead does not conceive of the human form as an infinitely complex slot machine; action is rather the resultant of an impulse seeking expression and the "stimulus" is not only selected, it is sought for. The stimulus is the occasion for the release of the impulse. When the situation is problematic, there is an inability for conduct to go on, an uncertainty about the object and a vagueness and inefficiency about the impulse. When the broken whole is redintegrated the response is <i>into </i>the stimulus and <i>constitutes </i>the stimulus. Thus the organism creates its environment.<br />
The psychology of perception receives welcome illumination. Perception becomes neither the passive awareness of an object nor a bundle of sensations united by some synthesizing mental power, but rather one kind of action. The perception of a physical object he calls a collapsed or "telescoped" act in which there is immediate experience of what would<br />
<hr class="break" /> <div class="noindent">( 812) result did we go through a series of movements. Ice looks cold because it would produce certain effects were we to go toward it and touch it. The imagery of the past fuses with the excitation of the present and objects that have been organized are thus perceived.</div>Social objects require adjustment, for they are responding and changing, and thus they demand that attention be fastened on the beginning of the act thus giving rise to the gesture. Physical objects are non-responding, the attention being on the last of a series of movements rather than on the first, and, therefore, though the size, shape, and color may apparently change, these changes are neglected since the attention is on the end. If a physical object occasions surprise or any emotion, there is a tendency to regress to the social acts with which experience began. This occurs in such varied circumstances as the irritation at a chair into which we bump in the dark, the magical incantations of the rainmaker, and the sophisticated poetry of nature. Objects are not passively apprehended, they arise inside experience, and are constructed, organized, created.<br />
The relation of the body and especially the central nervous system to mind and consciousness is a problem that still exercises us all. To locate it inside the brain as is often done with uncritical na�vet�, or to put it inside the head with all the solipsistic consequences as Russell does, is to raise the insuperable difficulties of interactionism. Mead's view is that consciousness must be considered as functional, not substantive, objective and not subjective, and that what takes place in the brain are the processes which make it possible. The grounds for this position cannot be given in the scope of this review.<br />
Whether the material in the book as here presented places an undue emphasis on the effort of Mead to redeem the word "behaviorism" from the connotation given to it by its inventor is a question on which his former students may differ. But all will agree that Mead considered the human self as a resultant of action and communication in society, and that the concepts of consciousness and imagination were necessary. The explanation of new organizations in experience as a result of the "conditioning" of reflexes or responses he found inadequate.<br />
It is not only in the assumption of the priority of culture and of the primacy of impulses to action that the mechanical consequences of orthodox behaviorism are found wanting. In the passages where the "I" and the "me" are discussed, there is set forth another ground for assuming a spontaneity and creativeness which transcend the mechanical.<br />
Many other aspects of the collective life receive attention but the material available does not always permit adequate development. Other posthumous volumes of Mead's work are promised and these will help to<br />
<hr class="break" /> <div class="noindent">( 813) bring to the attention of scholars the work of one of the most original men of our generation.</div>ELLSWORTH FARIS<br />
<i>University of Chicago</i><br />
<br />
<br />
The review has taken from <a href="http://www.brocku.ca/MeadProject/Faris/Faris_1936c.html">here</a><i> </i><br />
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<br />
Now, in The Stuff of Thought, Pinker marries two of the subjects he knows best: language and human nature. The result is a fascinating look at how our words explain our nature. What does swearing reveal about our emotions? Why does innuendo disclose something about relationships? Pinker reveals how our use of prepositions and tenses taps into peculiarly human concepts of space and time, and how our nouns and verbs speak to our notions of matter.<br />
<a name='more'></a>Even the names we give our babies have important things to say about our relations to our children and to society. <br />
<br />
With his signature wit and style, Pinker takes on scientific questions like whether language affects thought, as well as forays into everyday life—why is bulk e-mail called spam and how do romantic comedies get such mileage out of the ambiguities of dating? The Stuff of Thought is a brilliantly crafted and highly readable work that will appeal to fans of readers of everything from The Selfish Gene and Blink to Eats, Shoots & Leaves.<br />
<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">To download more book by Steven Pinker click</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://carrbak.blogspot.com/search/label/Steven%20Pinker%20book%20free%20download">here</a></span><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
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which Edward Stuart Russell reconstructed the history of animal<br />
morphology from Aristotle to the early 1 900s-a long period of time<br />
in which the most important and revolutionary event in the history<br />
of biology took place, including the advent of a world incorporating<br />
evolutionary change. And yet for Russell the most radical choice between<br />
alternative views in the study of animal form was not preDarwinian<br />
conceptions versus those dominated by the methods and<br />
priorities of evolutionary biology. It was instead the more ancient<br />
and perhaps never fully resolved opposition which, at the beginning<br />
of the nineteenth century, saw the two giants of comparative anatomy,<br />
Georges Cuvier and Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, facing one<br />
another. The first championed a view that Russell called teleological<br />
and which consists in claiming the primacy of function over form,<br />
while the second defended, with equal conviction and authority, the<br />
view that Russell called morphological, which claims the primacy of<br />
form over function.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
And today? Which are the most important questions concerning<br />
the multiplicity of forms of living organisms? Much water has of<br />
course since passed under the bridges, and not only those on the<br />
Seine, whose banks are a few feet from the Museum d'Histoire<br />
Naturelle where, for almost forty years, Cuvier and Geoffroy SaintHilaire<br />
worked side by side-and it has certainly not invalidated<br />
the dichotomy that set the two French men of science against each<br />
other two hundred years ago. Something naturally has changed<br />
since then. Today we are researching both the mechanisms by<br />
means of which organisms are constructed, and the dialectical relationships<br />
they develop with the forever mutable environment in<br />
which they live. In other words the understanding of living forms<br />
today involves two quite distinct branches of biology: developmental<br />
and evolutionary.<br />
<br />
<br />
In regard to the first branch what matters is form. The only functional<br />
aspects that deserve attention are those that pertain to the<br />
mechanisms that are the basis for the construction of forms, without<br />
regard for the achievements that these will be able to realize in<br />
either the short or the long term. Developmental biology also<br />
accommodates hopeless «monsters:' such as calves with two heads<br />
or fruit flies with four wings, insofar as they are forms to which it is<br />
possible to give life.<br />
For evolutionary biology, however, what matters is survival and<br />
reproduction. This presupposes an efficient use of the resources that<br />
the environment offers and, therefore, an appropriate level of efficiency<br />
on the part of the animals' organs. The forms that exist (or,<br />
better, those that survive the process of natural selection) satisfy the<br />
functional criteria established by the environmental milieu.<br />
Paradoxically, therefore, it is precisely in evolutionary biology that<br />
primary attention to the function of organs survives. Cuvier, consigned<br />
to us by history as the staunch defender of fixed characteristics,<br />
was the fiercest proponent of this cause. A science like developmental<br />
biology, on the other hand, for which only the modest<br />
time-scale in which the individual is constructed seems relevant, even<br />
today champions the primacy of form over function central to Geoffroy<br />
Saint-Hilaire's vision. While it would not be historically accurate<br />
to attribute truly evolutionary ideas to Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, he certainly<br />
was far removed from sharing his rival's firm belief in the unchanging<br />
nature of species.<br />
It is also true that few researchers in evolutionary biology today<br />
read the works of Cuvier to find inspiration for their own work.<br />
Similarly it would be difficult for researchers in developmental biology<br />
to find inspiration in the works of Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, although,<br />
as we shall soon see, the latter statement needs some further<br />
clarification.<br />
For Cuvier, comparing the anatomical structure of a cat, a sparrow,<br />
and a lizard was a legitimate (and interesting) activity, since the three<br />
animals have many organs and apparatuses in common. On the other<br />
hand, the comparison of a cat to a butterfly, or a sparrow to an oyster,<br />
would have been pointless, given the great distance separating their<br />
<br />
respective organizational designs. Today, however, it is possible to<br />
attempt such daring comparisons, above all because modern developmental<br />
genetics has shown that many important stages in the construction<br />
of an animal take place, in species as different as an insect<br />
and a mammal, under the direction of the same genes. An extremely<br />
interesting discovery, but one that gives rise to new and more difficult<br />
questions.<br />
The greatest problem at this point is no longer understanding<br />
what animals as different as a mouse and a fruit fly have in common,<br />
but, on the contrary, finding the causes of their diversity. And it is<br />
not sufficient, either, to hand off the problem to evolutionary biology,<br />
only to be faced with the reply that the mouse and the fruit fly<br />
are different because in the course of generations their ancestors<br />
have had to confront different environmental conditions, which, little<br />
by little, have selected the two different animal forms which we<br />
see today. The fact is that the problem of the differences between different<br />
living things remains also, at least in part, a problem of developmental<br />
biology. A problem made more complex by the fact that<br />
nature seems incapable of producing many forms that, in theory,<br />
would seem to represent only very modest variations compared to<br />
other forms that, instead, are actually produced. Development seems<br />
to have its obligatory points of passage, in which natural selection<br />
has no way of intervening. It is limited to choosing between the different<br />
variants that are available to it.<br />
At this point we have to ask ourselves if it will ever be possible to<br />
reach an adequate comprehension of living forms and their evolution,<br />
as long as we remain tied to the traditional separation between<br />
developmental and evolutionary biology. The negative replies to this<br />
question are becoming increasingly insistent. In response to this, a<br />
discipline is taking shape that aims at integrating the concepts, the<br />
problem sets, and the methods of inquiry that pertain to the two<br />
traditions, and it is called evolutionary developmental biology, or<br />
evo-devo.<br />
It is in terms of evo-devo that I present an interpretation of living<br />
forms in these pages. I should perhaps more correctly state: of animal<br />
forms. I shall write of plants and other living things only very briefly,<br />
<br />
due not only to my own background in zoology, but also to the fact<br />
that to date evolutionary developmental biology has concerned itself<br />
only marginally with plants, and not at all with fungi. There is, however,<br />
a treasure in the pages of the scientific literature devoted to botanical<br />
subjects and it is waiting to be re-read and re-interpreted from<br />
an evo-devo perspective. If the reading of these pages results in the<br />
recruitment to the new discipline of even only a couple of people interested<br />
in plants and fungi, this small book will have already fulfilled<br />
its purpose.<br />
The book is divided into four sections. In the first I introduce some<br />
fundamental concepts of the comparative method, in the context of<br />
the history of biology. I then proceed to illustrate the unequal distribution<br />
of animal forms in the hypothetical space of expected forms.<br />
We shall thus see that the already existing forms are clustered in several<br />
privileged areas, leaving some unsuspected voids corresponding<br />
to forms that, for some reason, do not exist in nature. In the second<br />
section I discuss the limits of the gene's role in producing the forms<br />
of living organisms, with a critique of the current concept of the<br />
genetic program. And finally I clarify how to understand today's notion<br />
of "development of organisms." In the third section I invite the<br />
reader to explore some consequences of an interpretation of living<br />
organisms in terms of an evolutionary developmental biology-a<br />
choice that obliges us to assume a flexible, perhaps a pluralist, attitude<br />
toward the many traditional concepts of comparative morphologyfrom<br />
the abstract (what is homology?) to those that refer to real objects<br />
(what is a larva?) . The fourth section, with the epilogue that<br />
concludes the book, is devoted to origins. The origin of legs, for instance,<br />
or the origin of the subdivision of the body into segments,<br />
such as we observe in an earthworm or a millipede. More generally, it<br />
is devoted to the origin of evolutionary innovation, the final link between<br />
the problems of developmental biology, which must tell us how<br />
it is possible to build these forms, and evolutionary biology, which<br />
must tell us how they changed over the course of time.<br />
A few sincere and necessary thanks conclude these introductory<br />
pages. To do justice to all the people who sparked my interest in the<br />
topics treated in this book, I would need an extremely long list that<br />
PREFACE xiii<br />
would include scholars I have never met except through their writings.<br />
I will lirnit myself, therefore, to only three names that represent three<br />
generations. First, Pietro Omodeo, who since the time I wrote my doctoral<br />
dissertation under his guidance, made me appreciate both the<br />
value of theoretical reflection in biology and the importance (and fascination)<br />
of a frequent revisiting of past authors. Then Wallace Arthur,<br />
the first of the biologists of my generation with whom, starting at the<br />
end of the 1 980s, I could engage in a dialogue on the subject of evolutionary<br />
developmental biology. And finally Giuseppe Fusco, the first of<br />
my students to courageously accompany me on this new and fascinating<br />
adventure.<br />
Sincere thanks, also to Michele Luzzatto, for his constant encouragement,<br />
during these last few years, to write (and conclude!) this<br />
small book. To him, as to Lucio Bonato and Giuseppe Fusco, I also<br />
owe many precious comments on a first draft of the book.<br />
For this U.S. edition I am deeply indebted to Robert Kirk, who was<br />
first responsible for getting my book included in the editorial program<br />
of Princeton University Press and afterward followed it carefully<br />
through the production process; and to Mark Epstein, who in a<br />
very accurate and sensible way selected the English words through<br />
which my thoughts are being conveyed in these pages.<br />
<br />
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Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-41936524797032940302010-11-20T22:48:00.001+06:002010-11-20T23:06:38.639+06:00The Dangerous Passion: Why Jealousy Is as Necessary as Love and Sex<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVv2CAjWPym3h6U6aemt9ZoiOgw_J5684H3P4VMoiWQm5ZiHooFNCSfeZ6DqOoVmm76iWcMSvfaB6nP2UIMig7v5f4z3vf5GRK-4x6FUggv41xK-w9W6BBrBnrISa5HUtls1n2JAp3UUlm/s1600/cover.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVv2CAjWPym3h6U6aemt9ZoiOgw_J5684H3P4VMoiWQm5ZiHooFNCSfeZ6DqOoVmm76iWcMSvfaB6nP2UIMig7v5f4z3vf5GRK-4x6FUggv41xK-w9W6BBrBnrISa5HUtls1n2JAp3UUlm/s200/cover.PNG" width="128" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Why do men and women cheat on each other? How do men really feel when their partners have sex with other men? What worries women more -- men who turn to other women for love or men who simply want sexual variety in their lives? Can the jealousy husbands and wives experience over real or imagined infidelities be cured? Should it be? In this surprising and engaging exploration of men's and women's darker passions, David Buss, acclaimed author of The Evolution of Desire, reveals that both men and women are actually designed for jealousy. Drawing on experiments, surveys, and interviews conducted in thirty-seven countries on six continents, as well as insights from recent discoveries in biology, anthropology, and psychology, Buss discovers that the evolutionary origins of our sexual desires still shape our passions today.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">According to Buss, more men than women want to have sex with multiple partners. Furthermore, women who cheat on their husbands do so when they are most likely to conceive, but have sex with their spouses when they are least likely to conceive. These findings show that evolutionary tendencies to acquire better genes through different partners still lurk beneath modern sexual behavior. To counteract these desires to stray --</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> and to strengthen the bonds between partners -- jealousy evolved as an early detection system of infidelity in the ancient and mysterious ritual of mating.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Buss takes us on a fascinating journey through many cultures, from pre-historic to the present, to show the profound evolutionary effect jealousy has had on all of us. Only with a healthy balance of jealousy and trust can we be certain of a mate's commitment, devotion, and true love.</span><br />
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">To Download the book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/6IPP681C85">here</a></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Mediafire Download like is <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?m9h4l7yo77lal3r">here</a></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-19185453306917456202010-11-20T20:57:00.001+06:002010-11-20T20:57:58.701+06:00The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinwPVErjH0Ubqw5LyOljt0WQdSwRKivD9lNrAoZjpT727t-MXlBu6pzAx9vXCcjtbR9n1AjEPYlHsU3lGfUH0MqZ2XOL1SfMlFVT-_Oa16PNUw2E_dIn1MpLoLiuO4Ujts_rVL4CDsMS8L/s1600/the+third+chimpanzee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinwPVErjH0Ubqw5LyOljt0WQdSwRKivD9lNrAoZjpT727t-MXlBu6pzAx9vXCcjtbR9n1AjEPYlHsU3lGfUH0MqZ2XOL1SfMlFVT-_Oa16PNUw2E_dIn1MpLoLiuO4Ujts_rVL4CDsMS8L/s1600/the+third+chimpanzee.jpg" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We human beings share 98 percent of our genes with chimpanzees. Yet humans are the dominant species on the planet -- having founded civilizations and religions, developed intricate and diverse forms of communication, learned science, built</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: blue; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">cities</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, and created breathtaking works of art -- while chimps remain animals concerned primarily with the basic necessities of survival. What is it about that two percent difference in DNA that has created such a divergence between evolutionary cousins? In this fascinating, provocative, passionate, funny, endlessly entertaining work, renowned Pulitzer Prize–winning author and scientist Jared Diamond explores how the extraordinary human animal, in a remarkably short time, developed the capacity to rule the world . . . and the means to irrevocably destroy it.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jared Diamond states the theme of his book up-front: "How the human species changed, within a short time, from just another species of big mammal to a world conqueror; and how we acquired the capacity to reverse all that progress overnight." The Third Chimpanzee is, in many ways, a prequel to Diamond's prize-winning Guns, Germs, and Steel. While Guns examines "the fates of human societies," this work surveys the longer sweep of human evolution, from our origin as just another chimpanzee a few million years ago. Diamond writes:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It's obvious that humans are unlike all animals. It's also obvious that we're a species of big mammal down to the minutest details of our anatomy and our molecules. That contradiction is</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: blue; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">the most</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">fascinating feature of the human species.</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: blue; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">chapters</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in The Third Chimpanzee on the oddities of human reproductive biology were later expanded in Why Is Sex Fun? Here, they're linked to Diamond's views of human psychology and history.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Diamond is officially a physiologist at UCLA medical school, but he's also one of the best birdwatchers in the world. The current scientific consensus that "primitive" humans created ecological catastrophes in the Pacific islands, Australia, and the New World owes a great deal to his fieldwork and insight. In Diamond's view, the current global ecological crisis isn't due to modern technology per se, but to basic weaknesses in human nature. But, he says, "I'm cautiously optimistic. If we will learn from our past that I have traced, our own future may yet prove brighter than that of the other two chimpanzees." --Mary Ellen Curtin</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To Download this book click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/ZJKKQ0EMXY">here</a></span><br />
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Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-2087047779286463982010-11-20T20:43:00.001+06:002010-11-20T20:58:19.102+06:00The Dopaminergic Mind In Human Evolution And History<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsrwcTuaT_ihd3BZ7C8SZrwSD3eyxhtmImGctHAdQzWx3amUWewShz0FI9AoXPIRDWdrutDIlRw6cJqsDDGkJiQb3psyPCmQ4FH-Vp3fVKIFtbs8IAEOGShVq_JAcMYexU2jIZzwDMja0S/s1600/The+Dopaminergic+Mind+In+Human+Evolution+And+History.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsrwcTuaT_ihd3BZ7C8SZrwSD3eyxhtmImGctHAdQzWx3amUWewShz0FI9AoXPIRDWdrutDIlRw6cJqsDDGkJiQb3psyPCmQ4FH-Vp3fVKIFtbs8IAEOGShVq_JAcMYexU2jIZzwDMja0S/s1600/The+Dopaminergic+Mind+In+Human+Evolution+And+History.jpg" /></a>What does it mean to be human? There are many theories of the<br />
evolution of human behavior which seek to explain how our brains<br />
evolved to support our unique abilities and personalities. Most of these<br />
have focused on the role of brain size or specific genetic adaptations of<br />
the brain. In contrast, Fred Previc presents a provocative theory that<br />
high levels of dopamine, the most widely studied neurotransmitter,<br />
account for all major aspects of modern human behavior. He further<br />
emphasizes the role of epigenetic rather than genetic factors in the rise<br />
of dopamine. Previc contrasts the great achievements of the dopaminergic<br />
mind with the harmful effects of rising dopamine levels in<br />
modern societies and concludes with a critical examination of whether<br />
the dopaminergic mind that has evolved in humans is still adaptive to<br />
the health of humans and to the planet in general.<br />
Fred H. Previc is currently a science teacher at the Eleanor Kolitz<br />
Academy in San Antonio, Texas. For over twenty years, he was a<br />
researcher at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory where<br />
he researched laser bioeffects, spatial disorientation in flight, and<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
various topics in sensory psychology, physiological psychology, and<br />
cognitive neuroscience. Dr. Previc has written numerous articles on the<br />
origins of brain lateralization, the neuropsychology of 3-D space, the<br />
origins of human intelligence, the neurochemical basis of performance<br />
in extreme environments, and the neuropsychology of religion.<br />
<br />
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Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-14709760061469147182010-09-30T06:27:00.000+06:002010-09-28T05:54:23.054+06:00The Grand Design by Stephen Hawkins and Leonard Mlodinow<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfbGGe1WcLyOIuoG97YIthGlCMk21FobR_gsL1mm8tq3aHY_QwENPj9W240otSR9wEfdQUBCMWN19MvSnP4q-b2pN9Q_xNos7BdyXkYTEnml-CiMUENnuT4IBjNn_Z7vnn7KfiZyVwyPd7/s1600/The+Grand+Design.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfbGGe1WcLyOIuoG97YIthGlCMk21FobR_gsL1mm8tq3aHY_QwENPj9W240otSR9wEfdQUBCMWN19MvSnP4q-b2pN9Q_xNos7BdyXkYTEnml-CiMUENnuT4IBjNn_Z7vnn7KfiZyVwyPd7/s200/The+Grand+Design.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">THE FIRST MAJOR WORK IN NEARLY A DECADE BY ONE OF THE WORLD'S GREAT THINKERS-A MARVELOUSLY CONCISE BOOK WITH NEW ANSWERS TO THE ULTIMATE QUESTIONS OF LIFE<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />When and how did the universe begin? Why are we here? Why is there something rather than nothing? What is the nature of reality? Why are the laws of nature so finely tuned as to allow for the existence of beings like ourselves? And, finally, is the apparent "grand design" of our universe <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: blue; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">evidence</span> of a benevolent creator who set things in motion-or does science offer another explanation?<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: blue; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">The most</span> fundamental questions about the origins of the universe and of life itself, once the province of philosophy, now occupy the territory where scientists, philosophers, and theologians meet-if only to disagree. In their new book, Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow present the most recent scientific thinking about the mysteries of the universe, in nontechnical language marked by both brilliance and simplicity.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><a name='more'></a></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />In The Grand Design they explain that according to quantum theory, the cosmos does not have just a single existence or history, but rather that every possible history of the universe exists simultaneously. When applied to the universe as a whole, this idea calls into question the very notion of cause and effect. But the "top-down" approach to cosmology that Hawking and Mlodinow describe would say that the fact that the past takes no definite form means that we create history by observing it, rather than that history creates us. The authors further explain that we ourselves are the product of quantum fluctuations in the very early universe, and show how quantum theory predicts the "multiverse"-the idea that ours is just one of many universes that appeared spontaneously out of nothing, each with different laws of nature.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />Along the way Hawking and Mlodinow question the conventional concept of reality, posing a "model-dependent" theory of reality as the best we can hope to find. And they conclude with a riveting assessment of M-theory, an explanation of the laws governing us and our universe that is currently the only viable candidate for a complete "theory of everything." If confirmed, they write, it will be the unified theory that Einstein was looking for, and the ultimate triumph of human reason.<br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />A succinct, startling, and lavishly illustrated guide to <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: blue; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">discoveries</span> that are altering our understanding and threatening some of our most cherished belief systems, The Grand Design is a book that will inform-and provoke-like no other.</span></span></span><br />
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</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet, 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">To download the book for free click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/VZ9O3Y3MZ0">here</a></span><br />
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Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-51013530041020867722010-09-28T06:26:00.000+06:002010-09-28T06:26:57.393+06:00A Guide for the Godless<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcvTFP9YdRfV4dtCLehuGWmopZewoqvrz7ZEIFPtLazr19oiBEPIphMLZ4pYdZnWMQ-HWbt0-fOKjR-UincT1Hglgr1PXTLt30U80LD9LBvj-iNqr18Pp-Xgh_JKzJifDtnpLPx6qP2L8f/s1600/A+Guide+for+the+Godless.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcvTFP9YdRfV4dtCLehuGWmopZewoqvrz7ZEIFPtLazr19oiBEPIphMLZ4pYdZnWMQ-HWbt0-fOKjR-UincT1Hglgr1PXTLt30U80LD9LBvj-iNqr18Pp-Xgh_JKzJifDtnpLPx6qP2L8f/s200/A+Guide+for+the+Godless.jpg" width="200" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This book aims to apply recent thinking in philosophy to the age-old problem of the meaning of life, and to do so in a way that is useful to atheists, agnostics, and humanists. The book reorients the search for meaning away from a search for purpose and toward a search for what truly matters, and criticizes our society's prevailing theory of value, the preference satisfaction theory of the economists. It next argues that emotions are our best guides to what matters in life, and shows how emotional judgments about what matters can be true. Finally it discusses how a meaningful life can be lived, describes the role of justice, freedom, identity, and culture in its construction, and compares the meaningful with the happy life.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a name='more'></a> Andrew Kernohan has a Ph.D in philosophy from the University of Toronto and is an Adjunct Professor at Dalhousie University. He is the author of Liberalism, Equality, and Cultural Oppression (Cambridge University Press, 1998) and various articles in professional philosophy journals.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The review has taken from <a href="http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/a-guide-for-the-godless-the-secular-path-to-meaning/2294772">here</a></span><br />
To download the book for free click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/SIOOVGTW2O">here</a><br />
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Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-30472132283929499642010-09-28T06:16:00.002+06:002010-09-28T06:18:16.338+06:00Losing My Religion by William Lobdell<div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhIs9le4_UCricafIQ5HMYwsB1DCjkQmacdWHp78rrfkeHC8utK8Cc3gbkrlCUYE3EEuXi4cEObiYdbfQhlw1LwG975gv5qLrK5WarlCiPp4wXbpYDZY8bcFi9a9zwFG34VEBNAqAku1Qf/s1600/william-lobdell-losing-my-religion.3100270.40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhIs9le4_UCricafIQ5HMYwsB1DCjkQmacdWHp78rrfkeHC8utK8Cc3gbkrlCUYE3EEuXi4cEObiYdbfQhlw1LwG975gv5qLrK5WarlCiPp4wXbpYDZY8bcFi9a9zwFG34VEBNAqAku1Qf/s200/william-lobdell-losing-my-religion.3100270.40.jpg" width="131" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From the </span></span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/26/books/review/Oppenheimer-t.html?_r=1" style="color: #8fb400; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">New York Times</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:</span></span></div><blockquote style="color: #493728; font-style: italic; line-height: 21px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"There are many great books about finding God. But there are far fewer books, great or otherwise, about finding and then losing God. So <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal;"><u>'Losing My Religion,' by William Lobdell, a former religion writer for The Los Angeles Times,</u></span></b> feels powerfully fresh ... While Lobdell never entirely rejects belief in the supernatural, his humane, even-tempered book does more to advance the cause of irreligion than the bilious atheist tracts by Christopher Hitchens and others that have become so common. And Lobdell’s self-deprecating memoir is far more fun to read ...</span></span></div></blockquote><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Christopher Hitchens, author of “God Is Not Great“:</span></span></div><blockquote style="color: #493728; font-style: italic; line-height: 21px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“William Lobdell really and truly wanted to believe. When he came to realize that wanting and believing are two sides of the same coin, he decided to take the risk of basing morality on the modest of human reason and solidarity instead of on the self-defeating arrogance of faith."</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a name='more'></a><br />
<em></em></span></span></div></blockquote><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Michael Shermer, publisher of Skeptic magazine and author:</span></span></div><blockquote style="color: #493728; font-style: italic; line-height: 21px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“This is the most intellectually honest and emotionally courageous book I have ever read, and it’s a page turner from cover to cover. The new atheist community will embrace it, of course, but I think all Christians owe it to themselves to read [it] … Lobdell is willing to go where few religious believers can. To find out where that place is you must read this book.”</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span></div></blockquote><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From</span></span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.librarything.com/" style="color: #8fb400; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Librarything.com</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:</span></span></div><blockquote style="color: #493728; font-style: italic; line-height: 21px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What would you do if you “discovered” one day that the rock upon which you had built your </span></span><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1227407154_12" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 102, 204); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: pointer;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">spiritual house</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, the the God to whom you had devoted your life and to whom you assigned thanks for all your good fortune, the greatest love of your life, never existed? William Lobdell takes his readers by the hand and walks us through his spiritual life; From it’s joyful birth, it’s often uncomfortable growing pains and maturity to it’s slow weakening and eventual demise. While focusing on his faith and his own spiritual path, the author joyfully throws himself into the role of a religious writer for a major newspaper, not apologizing for downfalls or weakness within the church but rejoicing in stories of perserverance and belief only to find that by the </span></span><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1227407154_13"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">end of the journey</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> he had lost his way. Confronted with the growing evidence of lives destroyed by sexual abuse, phony </span></span><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1227407154_14"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">faith healers</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> and greedy televangelists and the niggling doubts about why God always gets the credit but never the blame, Lobdell struggles to hang on until he can no longer maintain the facade, even for himself. Never bitter or judgmental, Lobdell explores the often misunderstood grief and sense of failure that accompanies the loss of faith. The personal disappointment, but also the sense of failing one’s friends and family who remain within the framework of faith. How do you tell your wife? Your minister? Your best friend? How do you tell your readers? “Losing My Religion” isn’t a recitation of the many evils of organized religion. It isn’t a push by the author to abandon God. It isn’t even a memoir so much as it is a love story, a tale of love found and love lost. </span></span><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Five out of five stars.)</span></span></strong></div></blockquote><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">From Barry Minkow, senior pastor of Community Bible Church in San Diego:</span></span></div><blockquote style="color: #493728; font-style: italic; line-height: 21px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"There is one theme to Bill Lobdell’s book and he uses the famous “if-then” proposition to prove that theme. That is, “if” God exists and has transformed the lives of people–especially we church people–”then” we should see Jesus like evidence of this transformation in the lives of professed followers."</span></span></div></blockquote><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dr. Marvin Meyer, co-editor, “The Gnostic Bible”:</span></span></div><blockquote style="color: #493728; font-style: italic; line-height: 21px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“Written with humor, honesty, and passion, this is a book that should be read by all those who seek to confront, as Lobdell has, the ethical scandals and theological challenges that have shaken Christianity to its core.”</span></span></div></blockquote><div style="color: #493728; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Rev. John Huffman, chairman of the board of Christianity Today:</span></span></div><blockquote style="color: #493728; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; line-height: 21px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bill Lobdell has written a heart/mind/soul-wrenching spiritual autobiography. He has been inspired by followers of Jesus who have served their Lord with integrity. But he has also been devastated by observing, up-close, the ugly, sinful underbelly of a critical, self-serving institutional and individual religion. This is a must read filled with warnings and wake-up calls to those of us in leadership positions. I respect Bill for his honest reporting of his odyssey to this point and pray that someday there may be a future book, just as honest, with a grace-filled conclusion.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As the senior pastor of a church for the last 12 years, I wholeheartedly believe that every Christian who wants to equip themselves to do the</span></span><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1217709574_3" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; cursor: text;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Great Commission</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> and not just talk about the Great Commission better think through the passionate and detailed account of Bill’s de-conversion. No longer can I offer the trite answer of “don’t judge a philosophy by its abuse” as Bill debunks that argument with his sincerity and transparency.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Not only do I love and respect Bill, I thoroughly learned by reading his book that I am also a contributor to his de-conversion in my apathy towards the hurting and the needy. No, the book did not harm my faith in the Lord Jesus, it just demonstrated that the Emperor has no clothes and that I am one of the emperors.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 0em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One last thing. The cover of Bill’s book says it all. It shows the picture of a candle with a barely lit ember. The optimist in me says that with that</span></span><span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1217709574_4" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; cursor: text;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">little light</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, there is still hope that Bill will once again regain the faith that he once held. That will depend largely on my love for him and Christ like behavior that is so absent from my life that I never knew of until I read this book.</span></span></div></blockquote><br />
The review has taken from the authors <a href="http://www.williamlobdell.com/reviews/">website </a><br />
To download the book for free click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/FME3981106">here</a><br />
Media fire link: click<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?1b55grsovd5ygs9"> here</a><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-54044881097829846062010-09-28T06:05:00.001+06:002010-09-28T13:17:25.448+06:00The Evolution of Morality and Religion<div class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhsySDbMLp0LcJ21C8CQXtCr1Zw943OXzkKHfPyEaAXDbOti3gqFpjmCXsfPMKOsIYQtD7tzeKPFenlzl8zw5xtfiDQlx7z9dWtDFktpL1ArlbyV8mJTtLTmU269s9PYRcR4Ms6NhR-ZHz/s1600/the+evolution+morality+and+religion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhsySDbMLp0LcJ21C8CQXtCr1Zw943OXzkKHfPyEaAXDbOti3gqFpjmCXsfPMKOsIYQtD7tzeKPFenlzl8zw5xtfiDQlx7z9dWtDFktpL1ArlbyV8mJTtLTmU269s9PYRcR4Ms6NhR-ZHz/s200/the+evolution+morality+and+religion.jpg" width="133" /></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Accepted</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">codes of conduct</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">and established religions are features of human societies throughout the world. Why should this be? In</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="ilad"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">this book</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">, biologist Donald Broom argues that these aspects of human culture have evolved as a consequence of natural selection; that morally acceptable behaviour benefits humans and other animals and that a principal function of religion is to underpin and encourage such behaviour. The author provides biological insights drawn especially from work on animal behaviour and presents ideas and information from the fields of philosophy and theology to produce a thought-provoking, interdisciplinary treatment. Scientists who read</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">this book</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">will gain an appreciation of the wider literature on morality and religion, and non-scientists will benefit from the author’s extensive knowledge </span></span></span></div><a name='more'></a>of the biological mechanisms underlying the behaviour of humans and other social animals.<br />
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</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial;">To download this book for free click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/RB95JGB9M9">here</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span">Media fire link: click <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?627z3r442qkk12y">here</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8264350016093473881.post-16868451316259283102010-09-28T05:51:00.001+06:002010-09-28T13:18:45.441+06:00Charles Darwin: Origins and Arguments<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA7Ds5hVnA4ykqjik0nqI8fTLz1jpLwj1NO3FYv6jNMPu9erLtRezddqssYZ0FIe753pBLpNBpR52KVkSfHhuC_HqyEjd72Ab7Utz2CAR2yxz3WBWuZNqMwOkHWlGDQX4NZLg8Pc0k7ILu/s1600/chrles+darwin+origin+and+arguments.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA7Ds5hVnA4ykqjik0nqI8fTLz1jpLwj1NO3FYv6jNMPu9erLtRezddqssYZ0FIe753pBLpNBpR52KVkSfHhuC_HqyEjd72Ab7Utz2CAR2yxz3WBWuZNqMwOkHWlGDQX4NZLg8Pc0k7ILu/s200/chrles+darwin+origin+and+arguments.jpg" width="131" /></a></div>One of the characteristics of humanity throughout our<br />
history has been an almost insatiable need to question<br />
ourselves in an attempt to find answers to the unknowable<br />
aspects of our lives.We appear to require meaning, to<br />
know where we are from and what we are doing here.The<br />
religions of the world have dealt with these traits of<br />
human nature by providing systems of understanding<br />
which are based on faith and belief. Since the beginnings<br />
of modern science during the Renaissance, when the<br />
knowledge of the Greeks was rediscovered, this has led to<br />
a conflict of ideas between theology and rationality.This is<br />
nowhere more apparent than in the continuing debate<br />
over what is now generally called Darwinian evolution,<br />
after the man who has become the figurehead of a revolutionary<br />
change in human thought.<br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
As revolutionaries go, Charles Darwin cuts an unlikely<br />
figure: a Victorian country gentleman of independent<br />
means, an amateur naturalist, a devoted husband and<br />
father. He is not often compared to his near contemporary<br />
Karl Marx, but the impact of the publication of The Origin<br />
of Species was nothing short of revolutionary in the influence<br />
it would go on to have on the biological sciences and,more generally, on how we as human beings perceive<br />
ourselves and our place in the world.<br />
In the history of thought, few theories have had such a<br />
fundamental effect on humanity or been so controversial.<br />
Darwinian evolution provoked a furious response from its<br />
critics when the Origin was first published in 1859 and<br />
now, 150 years later, the debate continues, and the positions<br />
on both sides of the argument seem as intractable<br />
and entrenched as they have ever been. Perhaps it is a sign<br />
of the importance of the issues at stake, which go to the<br />
heart of what it means to be human, that what is essentially<br />
the same argument has gone on for so long, particularly<br />
as the evidence in favour of evolution is now so<br />
overwhelming.<br />
At the heart of Darwin’s work was the theory of variation<br />
by natural selection, which he outlined in the Origin.<br />
The theory itself is really quite straightforward and can be<br />
expressed simply in a few lines. Recalling the first time he<br />
read about natural selection, Thomas Huxley, Darwin’s<br />
great public defender, remembered being astonished at<br />
how obvious it was once he had read about it and how<br />
stupid he had been for not thinking of it himself.The idea<br />
of evolution – the notion that species of animals and<br />
plants changed over time – was not, in fact, new at all<br />
during Darwin’s day. It had been put forward in the eighteenth<br />
century by, among others, Buffon and Lamarck,<br />
the leading French naturalists of their day. Darwin’s own<br />
grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, had also written on the<br />
subject. The difference between previous ideas about<br />
evolution and Darwin’s theory was that, in natural selec-tion, Darwin provided a mechanism by which change in<br />
species could occur entirely by natural means.This is what<br />
sets Darwin’s work apart from the speculative theories of<br />
his predecessors and why it has come to be so crucially<br />
important.<br />
This may seem something of an overstatement of the<br />
impact of a theory which describes how the variety of life<br />
on our planet has arisen, but there can be no doubt of its<br />
continuing relevance. At a time when we are having an<br />
unprecedented effect on our environment, Darwin’s ideas<br />
that all of the natural world belongs to what he called a<br />
‘tree of life’ – with each branch being connected to<br />
another and humanity being an integral part of the whole<br />
rather than separate and above it – are as important now<br />
as they have ever been. The Earth, Darwin showed us, is<br />
not simply there to be exploited for our own gain, but is<br />
at the centre of a system on which all life, including our<br />
own, depends.<br />
As both the bicentenary of Darwin’s birth and the<br />
150th anniversary of the publication of The Origin of<br />
Species approaches, it is, perhaps, as good a time as any to<br />
look back at Darwin’s life and work and to consider its<br />
continuing relevance. But this book is not intended to be<br />
a straightforward biography of the man or a book about<br />
the science of evolution, although it contains relevant<br />
details of both. My aim is to trace the development of<br />
Darwin’s theory and to place it within the context of the<br />
period in which he was working.<br />
As a starting point, I have chosen to begin in 1859, with<br />
what I have called ‘Darwin’s Big Year’, the year that heturned fifty and that the Origin, his major work and the<br />
book that changed the world, was published. From there,<br />
the book goes back to his early life to examine those<br />
important events leading him towards natural selection,<br />
particularly the five years he spent on board HMS Beagle,<br />
an experience which had a profound influence on him and<br />
which laid the foundations of the work he would continue<br />
to do for the rest of his life.<br />
The book goes on to look at evolution after Darwin,<br />
how it moved forward and was, in some cases, misappropriated.<br />
It then considers why it remains so controversial<br />
today. Perhaps it is a symptom of the fractured times we<br />
live in that those who refuse to accept Darwinian evolution<br />
use a version of the argument from design in an<br />
attempt to discredit it.This argument – that the complexity<br />
of the natural world could only have arisen through the<br />
actions of a designer, or God by any other name – was<br />
current more than two hundred years ago. It has been<br />
shown to be unsustainable any number of times, including<br />
by Darwin himself, but it continues to resurface again and<br />
again. The main area of conflict has been the American<br />
courts where legal battles have raged over whether<br />
creationism can be taught alongside evolution in the classroom,<br />
going back to the so-called ‘Scopes Monkey Trial’<br />
in 1925 and continuing today in Louisiana, which has<br />
recently passed a law to allow the use of creationist textbooks<br />
in its schools.<br />
In recent years a counter offensive has developed<br />
among the opponents of Christian fundamentalism, who<br />
see religion as having a dangerous and damaging influenceon society. The evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins<br />
has been at the forefront of this counter offensive and,<br />
although the argument has been about more than just<br />
evolution, the theories articulated by Darwin 150 years<br />
ago remain at its core. It is for this reason, and because of<br />
the need to increase our understanding and appreciation<br />
of the world in which we live, that this book examines the<br />
origins of evolution and the arguments which continue to<br />
surround it.<br />
<br />
To download the book for free click <a href="http://www.multiupload.com/HLVKB5DCDD">here</a><br />
Mediafire link click <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?9o3nl93chk864d5">here</a><div class="blogger-post-footer">Thank you very much for reading this post.
Please leave a comment if you have any need or suggestion.</div>Saiful islamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10635054680292504190noreply@blogger.com1